Cells navigate environments, communicate and build complex patterns by initiating gene expression in response to specific signals. Engineers seek to harness this capability to program cells to perform ...

The future of circuit design, encompassing analog, RF/5G, and custom electronic circuits, is set to be revolutionized by the integration of generative AI tools. These advanced tools will not only ...

For reliability, designers must create flex circuits that are neither too thick nor bend too much. • Every flex circuit has a neutral-bend axis. • Smaller circuit thickness reduces the risk of damage ...

Circuit Dynamics: Design-Oriented Analysis, Dennis L. Feucht, Innovatia (www.innovatia.com), first printing: OCT 2016, 86 pages, 6 × 9 inch, glossy softcover, $25 US. This short book is a systematic, ...

The 555 timer is one of the most versatile integrated circuits available. It can generate PWM signals, tones, and single-shot pulses. You can even put one in a bi-stable mode similar to a flip flop.

The first few articles in this series were originally published in a different form at www.en-genius.net as the July – September 2012 monthly technotes. Then En-Genius ceased operations in October ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...